Muscle cramps: common causes, simple relief and when to seek advice

Article written and reviewed by a pharmacist graduated from the Faculty of Paris.

Key point: A muscle cramp is a sudden, painful, involuntary muscle contraction, most often affecting the calf or foot, frequently at night. In most cases it is harmless, but repeated cramps deserve attention.

1) Common causes of muscle cramps

• Dehydration (heat, exercise, low fluid intake)
• Muscle fatigue (long walks, sudden return to sport)
• Mineral imbalance (magnesium, potassium, calcium)
• Pregnancy (especially 2nd–3rd trimester)
• Prolonged standing or poor posture
• Medications (some diuretics, statins)
• Venous insufficiency (heavy legs), sometimes associated

2) What to do during a cramp

• Gently stretch the affected muscle (for the calf, pull toes toward you)
• Walk a few steps if possible
• Massage the tight muscle
• Apply gentle heat afterward if stiffness persists

3) How to prevent cramps (what really helps)

• Regular hydration throughout the day
• Calf stretching before bedtime (2–3 minutes)
• Gradual physical activity (avoid sudden increases)
• Adequate mineral intake from diet, supplements if needed

When supportive solutions may help

For frequent night cramps, comfort measures (hydration strategies, venous support, mineral supplementation) may reduce episodes by addressing triggering factors.

When to seek medical advice

• Cramps occurring very frequently (several times per week)
• Cramps with swelling, redness, or persistent pain
• Weakness, numbness, or pain radiating down the leg
• Onset after a new medication
• Cramps with unexplained weight loss, fever, or unusual night pain

FAQ – Muscle cramps

Are night cramps dangerous?
Usually not, but frequent or associated symptoms should be discussed with a healthcare professional.

Does magnesium help?
It may help some people, especially if intake is low. Benefits are assessed over several weeks.

Why do I get calf cramps at night?
Dehydration, muscle fatigue, lack of stretching, mineral imbalance, or venous issues can contribute.

Conclusion

Muscle cramps are usually benign. Key measures include adequate hydration, regular stretching, and gradual activity. Seek advice if cramps become frequent or unusual.

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