Lung diseases – understanding, prevention and treatment

 

Introduction

Lung disease affect the lower respiratory tract (bronchi, lungs). They range from mild (viral bronchitis) to severe (pneumonia, tuberculosis).

 

Main types

 

• Bronchitis – viral inflammation of the bronchi

• Pneumonia – bacterial or viral infection of the lungs

• Tuberculosis – chronic infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

• Bronchiolitis – common in infants

Common symptoms

 

• Persistent cough (dry or productive)

• Fever

• Chest pain

• Shortness of breath

• Fatigue

Risk factors

 

• Smoking

• Air pollution, dust exposure

• Weak immune system (HIV, diabetes, long-term corticoids)

• Extremes of age (children, elderly)

Treatment & prevention

 

• Antibiotics (for bacterial pneumonia)

• Antivirals (in specific cases)

• Rest, hydration, oxygen therapy for severe forms

• Vaccination (flu, pneumococcus, BCG)

• Healthy lifestyle, no smoking

Conclusion

Lung diseases can be prevented and treated.

 

Early detection and proper medical care are key to avoiding complications.

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