Understanding Hypertension in the Caribbean

🩺 Hypertension: A Silent Killer to Watch Closely in the Caribbean

Introduction
High blood pressure (hypertension) is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular disease in the Caribbean. In Martinique and other neighboring islands, it is common, often misunderstood, and underestimated. Yet, if managed properly, it can be effectively controlled. Here’s everything you need to know.

1. What is Hypertension?

Hypertension is an abnormal increase in the pressure of blood in the arteries.
It is defined by repeated readings above:

• 140 mmHg systolic (upper number) or

• 90 mmHg diastolic (lower number)

2. Why is it so common in the Caribbean?

Several contributing factors:

• Genetic predisposition in Afro-descendant populations

• Diet high in salt, sugar, and processed fats

• Overweight and obesity

• Chronic stress

• Low physical activity

• Irregular medical follow-ups

3. Often No Symptoms

Known as the “silent killer” because:

• It can remain asymptomatic for years

• First signs can be severe: stroke, heart attack, kidney failure

• Possible (late) symptoms include:
  • Morning headaches
  • Vision problems
  • Palpitations
  • Dizziness
  • Ringing in the ears

4. How is it Diagnosed?

✔️ Simple blood pressure check at the doctor or at home
✔️ Annual measurement recommended after age 40
✔️ Home devices (blood pressure monitors) are helpful if used correctly

5. Prevention and Lifestyle

Key steps:

• Limit salt to 5g/day (watch bread, processed food, cold cuts)

• Move 30 minutes daily

• Eat more fruits, vegetables, fiber

• Avoid smoking, limit alcohol

• Reduce stress (nature, rest, sleep, relaxation)

6. Treatment: Never stop it without medical advice

• Medication doesn’t cure but controls the pressure
  ➡️ It prevents complications
  ➡️ Often needs to be taken for life under regular supervision

Conclusion
Hypertension affects many families in Martinique and the Caribbean. It can be controlled, but we must detect it early, understand it, and act. Your heart deserves your full attention.